Abstract
Vol.42 No.2
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Reappraisal of fresh embryo transfers: selection of the infertility treatment considering patient age and embryo grade
JMOR, 42(2) 81-88, 2025
With advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART), techniques such as cryopreservation and new treatment protocols have been developed. As a result, frozen embryo transfer (FET) is becoming the standard approach, while the use of fresh embryo transfer (fresh ET) is on the decline. In Japan, FET accounts for 89.2% of all embryo transfers, a significantly higher rate than the global average, making it a defining feature of infertility treatment in this country. This article compares the benefits and challenges of FET and fresh ET, taking into consideration ART outcomes and patient age demographics in Japan and abroad. While FET offers flexible scheduling and can be less stressful for patients, concerns have been raised regarding maternal and perinatal risks. On the other hand, fresh ET, though associated with risks such as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, may allow for a shorter time to pregnancy in some cases. We consider that the clinical usefulness of fresh ET should be reappraised, taking account of the number and quality of embryos to be transferred. Tailoring embryo transfer methods to individual patient conditions may improve treatment outcomes and contribute to addressing Japan’s declining birthrate from a clinical perspective.
